吃瓜网

Individuals and Educability

Faculty Day Address
August 21, 2024
Jonathan J. Sanford, PhD
President, 吃瓜网

I hope you do not mind an aporetic reflection from your president. I have long been intrigued by a paradox at the heart of our work as scholars and educators: we can only really grasp truths universally, but the things we hope to understand are each individuals. Universals do not exist as standalone beings, only individuals actually exist. To discover, to know, to grasp an individual requires transforming it through the attention given to it鈥攊n our case through long study, experimentation, and dialectical inquiry鈥攊nto a mode made fit for our minds: we universalize individuals in order to apprehend them. But the individual beings, the things we seek to know, really only exist as individuals. Can we really know individuals? If only individuals exist, can we really know any thing? 

Should you be alarmed that I am soon to conclude that knowing is impossible and therefore we ought to embrace one of the many versions of relativism, let me assure you that is not where I am leading you. Rather, I think there is genuine wisdom in recognizing some of the limitations, born from the very nature of our minds encountering things in the world, of what we mean when we do in fact know some things. One fruit of this wisdom is the recognition of more to learn about the things we do know, another is an appreciation of the things themselves in their unknowable glory. 

In one of his many, brief, and profound books,¹ Josef Pieper makes much of something Aquinas observes in his commentary on Aristotle鈥檚 Metaphysics. Aquinas remarks: 鈥淭he reason, however, why the philosopher may be likened to the poet is this: both are concerned with the marvelous.鈥�² In the manner meant by Aquinas and Pieper, everyone in this room could be a poet, or a philosopher, or both. These names are not used to refer to academic disciplines, but rather the fundamental attitude of those dedicated to wrestling with things themselves theoretically and creatively in a manner that transcends everyday experience. What motivates us is the wonder of what we study and create. We marvel at this world, or some features of it, and then we each cultivate a disciplinary approach to satisfying our hunger to know and to participate in the marvels that surround us. 

So too our students are propelled by their regard for the marvelous. In their earliest years with us, we lead them through the collective wisdom of our tradition, the tried and true modes of knowing that comprise the liberal arts core we provide them. Then, when older, we lead them to adopt a particular way of regarding the whole of reality, to seek wisdom as economists, or historians, or mathematicians. The disciplines are necessarily partial in what they encompass, but also necessary for making progress. The good thing about the commonality of our cores on both the undergraduate and graduate levels, is that all our students are well apprised of the fact that there are multiple disciplined vantage points from which to view the whole. The mathematician knows enough history to know that the historian has both advantages and disadvantages with respect to the mathematician鈥檚 disciplined approach to acquiring knowledge, and vice versa. 

So, we are poets or philosophers insofar as we are attuned to the marvelous. What makes things marvelous? In general, I would say it is both what they are and what they point to. Things really are marvelous. Things, like veiny leaves in spring and wiggling worms in the wet soil, and also things like a corporation that harnesses creativity to produce a new product line. Things are marvelous, even if they go unnoticed. It is not true that marveling is in the eye of the beholder, unless one means by that phrase merely that the marveling act requires a marveler. The reason each of us has his or her own particular objects about which we especially marvel is not because we are responsible for inserting the marvelous into the world, as though we chose what to think about and then decided that just those things would attract our attention. Rather, our inner receptivity to what awaits discovery varies and the circumstances of our lives vary, and so some things arrest our attention and other things arrest our colleague鈥檚 attention. We miss much of what is marvelous. But we should count ourselves fortunate for having learned to marvel well at whatever marvelous things have in fact introduced themselves to us. 

Things are marvelous in what they are. Their particular shape and order, their actions, their complexity, their color. In short, things are marvelous in their very being; which is to say, in their distinct individuality. But they are also marvelous in what they point to. They point to what they are like, and what they are unlike. They also point to what is absent, like the causal flow of events that led to their individual existence, leading all the way back to God as first cause. But God is also pointed to in a more immediate fashion鈥攖hat is to say, a fashion in which the individual being itself provides us a human鈥檚-eye glimpse of God, and not just one step in a chain of causal regression that leads back to the first cause鈥攚ith respect to the existence of things themselves. For, simply be-ing, that is existing as the individual being a thing is, is to be be participating in the deep being, the act of existence subsisting itself, as Aquinas calls God in On Being and Essence. It is God鈥檚 act of existence that grounds the existence of each individual being, not in the way one action produces another, but actively and continuously. Beings are by way of participating in God鈥檚 being; and, not vice versa. Marvelous individual beings are signs, then, of deeper things; the deepest thing, in fact. Seeing beings in their ontologically thick vertically connected dimension requires something like an existential imagination, a mode of seeing that is receptive to the existential depths of each being.³ 

Perhaps I have moved from one form of obscurity to another in laying this all out, having moved from an epistemological paradox to existential Thomism; I certainly hope not. The world abounds in marvelous individual beings, and we have the extraordinary privilege of being able to commit the bulk of our time and attention to understanding them. What a gift this is, both for us, and for the students whose desire to know we are charged with directing. 

But, of course, dangers abound in our research and in our teaching. Not dangers intrinsic to the pursuit of knowledge of the wondrous things we study from within our particular disciplines, but dangers arising from how we might measure achievement in our pursuit of knowledge. The French phenomenologist Michel Henry has much to teach us about those. Henry contends in his bracing work, Barbarism, that we intellectuals have come to treasure the theoretical over the actual, that we have tended more and more to prize empirically measurable results as though they are exhaustive accounts of things themselves. This has led us to assert, for instance, that the leaves of Southern Oaks are not green since colors themselves are not real properties, or that dogs are not more than their collection of subatomic particles. We assert such claims, though we can hardly act in the world as though we really believe them. We thus become disconnected from, as he calls it, the life of things, and indeed from our own lives. Though this might appear to be a problem arising from an overemphasis on a scientific disciplinary perspective, Henry is careful to explain that that would be a mistake. The sciences qua sciences are not in the least way the problem here, but rather an unscientific, an unphilosophic, and an unpoetical obeisance to a technological and scientistic ideology. Sculptors and theologians are as much to blame as scientists. The problem for us who have dedicated ourselves poetically and philosophically to a life in pursuit of wisdom is the tendency we can have to mistake our work for one of intellectual conquest. Even the best of us can feel the tug toward a sort of acquisitiveness, amassing our hard-won intellectual achievements and falling into the Cartesian trap of thinking ourselves the masters and possessors of what we study. 

Henry goes a step further to argue that this ideological fantasy to regard the theoretical, the transferrable, the digitizable, as the real has undermined culture. The result is a rampant barbarism, and thus the title of his book. For those interested in Henry鈥檚 analysis, you may find his concluding chapter on the destruction of the university particularly pertinent to our times and concerns. 

C.S. Lewis in his Abolition of Man, the book selected for our faculty discussion this year, anticipates this same problem. Lewis鈥檚 point of departure is different than Henry鈥檚, for Lewis is particularly concerned with the manner in which we have engaged in a now century-long effort to push a fallacious fact/value distinction to the point of eviscerating the human heart. We have been endeavoring in the name of academic achievement to step out of what he calls the Tao, 鈥淪tepping outside of the Tao, they have stepped into the void. Nor are their subjects necessarily unhappy men. They are not men at all: they are artefacts. Man鈥檚 final conquest has proved to be the abolition of Man.鈥�⁴ But, like Henry, Lewis is careful not to see in the efforts to abolish man a problem with the sciences or scientists, but rather with a narrow minded view of the supposed march of human progress: 鈥淭o many, no doubt, this process is simply the gradual discovery that the real world is different from what we expected, and the old opposition to Galileo or to 鈥榖odysnatchers鈥� is simply obscurantism. But that is not the whole story. It is not the greatest of modern scientists who feel most sure that the object, stripped of its qualitative properties and reduced to mere quantity, is wholly real. Little scientists, and little unscientific followers of science, may think so. The great minds know very well that the object, so treated, is an artificial abstraction, that something of its reality has been lost.鈥�⁵ 

This quotation from Lewis brings us back to where I began: the way we know things relies upon universals, from which we build concepts of the things we study. Those concepts can be compared to other concepts, they are often measurable, and readily transportable through digital media such as emails, peer-reviewed articles, and podcasts. But, our ideas of things are not the things themselves. It is knowing the things themselves that we long for, but we can all fall into the temptation of thinking we have them in all their marvelous glory when we can conceptualize them. But, as soon as we conceptualize them, they no longer remain what they in fact are. Abstracted universals, though derivable from the individual things, are not the individual things; much less so are the concepts we derive from abstracted individuals. 

Aquinas, for all his admiration of the human power to know, is exquisitely attentive to this chasm between our knowledge of things and the things themselves. He argues in the Summa theologiae, I. 86,1, that we cannot know individual beings, at least insofar as they are individuals, and at least not directly. We can have an indirect knowledge of individuals, since our senses perceive them, and our imaginations image them, but what we harvest from them are universals, and it is only universals that we know directly. But, universals do not exist as standalone beings, they are rather actualized potencies of a thing鈥檚 graspable meaning. The world is a world of gloriously existing individuals, marvelous beings whose glory we can glimpse but whose actuality we cannot intellectually fully measure. We can indeed know things through the universals we abstract from them, and we can refine the conceptions we build from those universals, but neither those conceptions nor the universals underlying them are the actual individual things themselves. 

This seems to me hardly an occasion for intellectual despair. News flash: we are not God. Our mode of knowing by abstracting universals from the objects of our sense experience is made fit for our human estate. But, I think we are in fact better researchers, better artists, and better educators when we mind the gap between our ideas of things and those things themselves. It is those things themselves that make this an enchanted world, one that provokes our wonder in response to their marvelous way of being. 

So, let鈥檚 allow ourselves to be surprised this year by those things we spend the most time with鈥攐ur research projects, our creative works of artistry, and our students. I think we make a mistake when we attempt to recover the sense of wonder we once had about what we encountered in the discipline we each respectively made our own; that is, I am not encouraging an exercise in nostalgia. Rather, we should allow ourselves to be attentive to the marvelous in the things to which we have already dedicated so much study and creative energy. This might require reminding ourselves of the gap between our knowledge of those things and the things themselves; there is so much more to those things than what we know of them. Our students, too, may need similar reminders as they begin to taste the power of the knowledge they do acquire. And, above all, let鈥檚 allow ourselves to be awestruck by our students, those marvelous budding philosophers and poets signifying in a most poignant way the God in which their being participates.

Sincerely,

Jonathan J. Sanford, Ph.D.
President
Professor of Philosophy

[1] Josef Pieper. The Philosophical Act, translated by Alexander Dru (San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 2009).
[2] Aquinas. Commentary on the Metaphysics, I, 3.
[3] I mean 鈥渆xistential imagination鈥� in a sense similar to what David Brown calls a 鈥渟acramental imagination.鈥� See David Brown. God and Enchantment of Place, (Oxford University Press, 2004). See also Brown鈥檚 鈥淎 Sacramental World: Why it Matters,鈥� in The Oxford Handbook of Sacramental Theology, edited by Hans Boersma and Matthew Levering (Oxford University Press, 2015): 603-615.
[4] C.S. Lewis. The Abolition of Man, (New York, NY: HarporCollins Publishers, 2001): 64.
[5] Ibid., 70-71.

In Praise of Ignorance

In praise of ignorance? Is not the 吃瓜网 dedicated to wisdom, truth and virtue? Is not ignorance precisely what we are seeking to banish in our quest for knowledge? Yes 鈥� and no. Genuine wisdom begins in wonder, and wonder is ignorance when it is rightly regarded and properly motivating.

The wisest man in the Greco-Roman world was Socrates, and he proclaims in Plato鈥檚 Apology that the mark of his wisdom is his awareness of his ignorance. At the foundation of salvation history lies the serpentine-Luciferian temptation to reach out, grab and eat the fruit that eradicates ignorance. St. Paul opposes Christian foolishness to the wisdom of the world in framing the basics of Christian theology, 鈥淔or Jews demand signs and Greeks look for wisdom, but we proclaim Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those who are called, Jews and Greeks alike, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. For the foolishness of God is wiser than human wisdom, and the weakness of God is stronger than human strength.鈥� (1 Corinthians 1:22-25)

Western civilization, in the story of Adam and Eve, in the person of Socrates and in the theology of St. Paul, praises ignorance. It also praises the pursuit of wisdom and the acquisition of knowledge. How is there not a contradiction at the heart of it all? There would need to be varieties of ignorance, and varieties of knowledge, if there is no contradiction 鈥� and, indeed, there are.

One of the things that should worry us about our contemporary age is its simplistic accounts of ignorance and knowledge. The lack of subtlety in understanding the complexities of ignorance is coupled with increasing incidents of the Dunning-Kruger effect: The less one knows, the more one thinks one knows. Socrates recognized the same effect more than 2,000 years ago: Those sophists who proclaimed themselves wise and were recognized as so were proven, again and again upon examination by Socrates, to be the least wise, for they were blind to what they did not know. Blind, too, were the artisans he questioned, for though they really did know some things, they thought it gave them wisdom about everything else.

The serpent in the garden is a subtle liar: In taking a bite of knowledge, our hubris can so blind us as to think that because we have snatched at some knowledge, we know the whole. There are, in fact, countless stories in our tradition of those who know just a little, become convinced that it gives them knowledge of the whole, and then set in motion tragic results. What worries me about our contemporary age is that we seem to have lost sight of this warning at the very heart of the wisdom literature of our civilization.

So, should we instead eschew all claims to actual knowledge and profess that we know nothing? Aggrandized and mistaken claims to comprehensive knowledge are one problem, and a dangerous one when we consider what happens when those in positions of political and social power act on them. Exaggerated skepticism and the false humility of relativism is another: Those who profess we can know nothing end up believing anything. It is not just secular relativists who manifest this mistaken disparagement of reason. Luther calls reason the 鈥渄evil鈥檚 harlot.鈥� Ultramontanist Catholics casually say things like, 鈥淚f the pope declared that two plus two equals five, I would believe him.鈥� Whether atheistic or pietistic, the disparagers of reason overlook the remarkable capacity we do have to know things.

These two false, common and often catastrophic positions on ignorance are a pair; they are two sides of the same coin. They are the two manifestations of a simplistic, even stupid, take on ignorance and knowledge.

The secret to the pursuit of wisdom, a secret lying in plain sight and repeated in ten thousand different ways throughout our imaginative and expository literature, is that we can know some things, and we can know when we know some things, and we can know when we know those things only in part and not in their relation to the whole, and we can cultivate a knowing awareness of the vast array of things we do not yet know, and we can orient our efforts toward exploring those things we do not know; that is, we can be well led by the right sort of ignorance. This is the ignorance of genuine intellectual humility. This is the ignorance that complements the ancient conviction that wisdom begins in wonder, for we wonder about what we know enough about to formulate questions and yet not enough about to provide answers.

This is the ignorance you will find our professors espousing when, in response to a student鈥檚 question, they say, 鈥淚鈥檓 not sure, let me think about that and get back to you.鈥� Or, 鈥淚 do not know. What do you think?鈥� This is the ignorance you will find fueling our students in their quest to learn more about a particular subject, or the relationship between what they learn in one Core course to what they learn in another.

The 吃瓜网 has been consistently recognized by the American Council of Trustees and Alumni (ACTA) as one of an extremely select group of universities that provide a truly comprehensive and excellent education. This year, in their What Will They Learn? survey of every college and university in the United States, ACTA established a new A+ category, and we are the only Catholic university to receive it. Our students are indeed learning a great deal. One of the fruits of the Core is that they not only learn about things within particular disciplines, but they develop the habits of thinking clearly about each of the major disciplines that compose human pathways to knowing. Our students learn, in other words, that knowledge is not the special prize of any one discipline; they learn, as Aristotle often noted, that there are as many modes of knowing as there are different subject matters.

Knowledge in the sciences is acquired differently than knowledge in history, and yet in each case, knowing is a matter of the mind being measured by actual things. Aquinas puts the point this way: 鈥淎ll knowledge is perfected by the assimilation of the knower to thing known, such that assimilation is said to be the cause of knowledge. 鈥� For the first comparison of being to intellect is insofar as being is in accord with intellect, which accord is called the adequation of intellect and being.鈥� (De veritate)

We do indeed grasp truth each time we are attentive to what we have intellectually received through our senses. But our minds are not like God鈥檚. We can neither know things exhaustively in their very individuality, nor can we think all the things there are to know at once. And yet, we can ask questions about everything at once 鈥� 鈥淚s there something common to every being that exists?鈥� 鈥� and we can ask questions about aspects of things to which we know some of the answers and not others 鈥� 鈥淲hy can we predict dates and precise locations for viewing total solar eclipses but not tornadoes?鈥� We can ask those questions in knowledgeable ignorance; we can know and not know at the same time but in different respects.

Growth in wisdom requires careful sorting of what we do and do not know. Intellectual humility works hand in hand with savoring the knowledge we are acquiring even as we acknowledge our ignorance and pressing on with our quest for the truth; that is what wondering entails. Getting this right is a fruit of liberal education, and it is key to living a flourishing life in which we advance our own good while advancing the common good.

It has become increasingly common for university presidents to issue position statements regarding current political and social affairs. More often than not, I find myself in disagreement with the substance of these institutional statements. Why does the 吃瓜网 not join the crowd, providing alternative points of view in this space? The answer is a matter of principle grounded in our understanding of what a university is and should be.

The work of a university is fundamentally non-political. We are dedicated first and foremost to the acquisition, growth, and transmission of knowledge, first to our students but also to the wider world. We are dedicated, as our mission statement puts it, to wisdom, truth, and virtue as the proper and primary ends of education. I do not think it right to post position statements as a university president, for our work is in some ways above politics, and in other ways prior to politics. We are dedicated to wrestling with, amongst other things, the moral foundations that lead to right judgment in matters of political and civilizational affairs, knowledge essential to forming prudence in these same affairs, knowledge that is all-too-often absent from the pronouncements of pundits, politicians, and public figures. The university ought to examine the nature of the polis and raise the question explicitly of how we ought best to live well together, but, like the interlocutors in Plato鈥檚 Republic, that examination takes place in some manner outside of the current political order. When presidents turn their universities into something like political think tanks or lobbying groups, or strike performative poses intended to demonstrate their own presumed virtue, those universities become something other than universities and thus lose their focus on their proper work.

This does not mean the goal is to maintain a posture of neutrality for its own sake, but it does pertain to the need to protect the ability of faculty members and students to inquire freely into all matters, both timeless and timely. This is one of the many points that the 1967 Kalven Committee Report on the University鈥檚 Role in Political and Social Action, usually simply called the Chicago Statement, gets right. The Chicago Statement does an excellent job defending the principal aims of a university, and explaining why protecting a Socratic commitment to inquiry is so necessary to the achievement of those aims. I find its conclusion, a seeming paradox, prescient for our current circumstance of over-politicized college campuses: 鈥淥ur basic conviction is that a great university can perform greatly for the betterment of society. It should not, therefore, permit itself to be diverted from its mission into playing the role of a second-rate political force or influence.鈥�

Criticisms I have of the Chicago Statement are not so much of the statement itself, but rather an acknowledgement of the difference there is between a great secular university and a great Catholic university. The Chicago Statement, for instance, recognizes there to be rare occasions in which the university鈥檚 mission is threatened and it needs to take an institutional stand. One way to think of the difference in the case of the 吃瓜网 is that those occasions are less rare, for the mission is more capacious. The 吃瓜网, as a Catholic university, and in accordance with the apostolic constitution Ex corde Ecclesiae, endorses academic freedom and recognizes that academic freedom must be circumscribed by the truth and shaped by a commitment to the common good. Thus, the 吃瓜网 does indeed maintain fundamental institutional positions regarding the nature of human beings and the moral law. These matters are hardly neutral principles. We stand for the intrinsic dignity of each human life as an imago Dei; justice as the promotion of a 鈥渢hick鈥� conception of the common good which includes material, spiritual, moral, and cultural dimensions; the freedom of people to self-govern; religious liberty; universal human rights; solidarity; subsidiarity; and more. I would argue that these principles are not peculiarly expressions of Catholic teaching, but in fact principles yielded
by and long enshrined in Western civilization鈥檚 articulation of the natural law.

Though university presidents ought not to be issuing position statements, that does not mean that universities ought not to include the examination of current political and social affairs in its reflection on first principles. This is especially the case when those affairs question or threaten first principles.

The current situation in the Holy Land is a case in point. The various currents of histories and ideas that compose what we often call the West have always coursed between two poles we mark by their chief city鈥檚 names, Athens and Jerusalem. The Great Conversation of Western civilization has in fact been a series of arguments about how to combine freedom of inquiry and dedication to democratic principles 鈥� the spirit of Athens 鈥� with divine revelation, salvation history, and devotion to sacred truth 鈥� the spirit of Jerusalem. Logos and credo wed in the West, but like any good marriage, that hardly means there are not tensions.

It is one thing to take a political position on the complex affairs of Israel and Palestine, it is another to encourage prayer for those who are suffering (as I recently did), and it is a third to observe when principles derived from that wedding of Athens and Jerusalem have been jettisoned. The Jewish people, those St. John Paul II calls our elder brothers and sisters in the faith, have been the victims, yet again, of genocide. Women and children and other non-combatants have been murdered by terrorists both simply for the sake of doing harm and to prove that those threatening a larger genocide really mean it. We ought to feel solidarity with the citizens of Israel, with Palestinians, and with the Jewish people. We ought to encourage all who profess an Abrahamic faith, whether Jewish, Christian, or Muslim, to embrace its highest ideals. As a Catholic university, we must always bear witness 鈥� sometimes overtly, sometimes quietly 鈥� to the essential complementarity of faith and reason, of credo and logos. The atrocities recently committed against Israeli civilians are a horrifying example of the consequences of detaching the two, as faith severed from reason can become violent fanaticism. If the Israeli military responses to these genocidal attacks were to intend directly the deaths of civilians in recompense, then a fundamental tenet of just war theory would be abandoned, thus showing another way in which reason could be divorced from faith. We ought to draw upon both reason and faith when reflecting on these affairs, so distant in some ways, so near in others. Both logos and credo are under assault in and around one of the two poles signifying the soul of the West, the Holy Land. Thus, the soul of the West is under attack.

One way to protect the Western soul from attack is to strengthen it, and for a university qua university, and especially so in the case of a great Catholic university, that means to do its proper work especially well. That proper work is pressing difficult questions, including those that arise from this and other current political and social affairs; articulating and testing answers in a manner that draws from the deposit of faith; pursuing wisdom, truth, and virtue; and dedicating itself wholeheartedly to its mission. For, this mission is born from the very heart of that institution which has and continues to play a particularly significant role in Western civilization, the Church.

Faculty Day Address

August 17, 2022

I confess a certain attraction to a dark view of things, by which I mean something of a special interest in the moribund features of all that lies within this earthly realm. This should be distinguished from a morbid sense of humor: there is nothing funny about death, even if we might mock it when secure in Christ鈥檚 triumph over it. Death, sin, the violence of slander, the cruelty of attacking another鈥檚 security in a sense of the sacred; these things abound in the world, and like the gathering moments of post-twilight, they can appear at times to be on the verge of overwhelming what remains of the world鈥檚 light.

Animated by this sensibility, and wishing to impress my eighth-grade literature teacher, I poured my rather melancholic soul into what my teacher eventually declared to be a most finely written and compelling story. The subject of that story was a young boy, who, having taken to heart the frequent exhortations he, and everyone else during my childhood, received鈥攖hat he could be anything he wanted so long as he put his mind to it鈥攍ed to his death when he disproved that claim by failing to fly like Superman. Melodramatic, I know, but I really did pull it off well. I was at first delighted with the praise, but then my teacher told me never to write a story like it again. He said there was darkness enough in the world, and I should never use what gifts God gave me to wallow in it. He said the world needs to see light, especially in those corners where things are most dark, even if I could only manage to cast a little of it in certain places.

It is remarkable how such little moments, a five-minute conversation with a revered teacher, shape the efforts of a lifetime.

That teacher, by the way, was Dr. Rollin Lasseter. A Yale PhD, poet, literary critic, scholar of Yeats, and celebrated teacher at Kentucky and NC State, who had taken a few years off from university teaching to plow his efforts into shaping the writing program at the classical school I was blessed to attend. This is the same Dr. Lasseter who later joined the 吃瓜网 in 1992 and taught here for many years, where he no doubt refocused the imaginations of many of our alumni and honed their efforts towards similarly light-bearing goals.

I share this story to honor Dr. Lasseter. I share it also to encourage each of us with the reminder that the encounters we have with our students matter deeply, and sometimes matter ultimately. Finally, I share it because, perhaps for you, and certainly for me, that attraction to the dark view of things has been harder to resist of late than in the past.

In my case, perhaps that has something to do with the greater portion of my academic reading list of late: I led a graduate course on the major works of Friedrich Nietzsche through the spring semester, followed by a quick read of Carl Truemann鈥檚 sobering The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self, and then a return to some of the works of an author from whom I learned much on a first reading more than a dozen years ago, an author whose life work has been devoted to making sense of the civilizational nightmares of the last 100 years, nightmares which came true when Auschwitz came to stand as the starkest fact and the most telling symbol for the culture wars in which we are enmeshed. I mean of course the late sociologist, Philip Rieff.

These were not random selections, of course. I announced last year that the effort we are engaged in by providing an excellent and liberating education is nothing short of a reclaiming of culture. From what does culture need to be reclaimed? There are many symptoms of cultural madness to which any one of us can point: what are their causes? Most of the explanations to be found amongst the chattering class seem either too shallow or off-base. Deeper explanations often finger Marx and his heirs, but I have always suspected that something else must be going on to abandon the faith of our fathers and to put in for Marxism: there has to be more depth to the account, a propaedeutic for the various destructions we have witnessed and been party to. Marxism does not explain the Shoah. It is this still deeper account which Rieff probes.

Rieff certainly takes a dark view of things. The three-world schema he proposes for making sense of our cultural moment is a simplification, but a useful one. (You should not impose the economic meaning of such terms as 鈥渇irst-world鈥� and 鈥渢hird-world鈥� here; Rieff鈥檚 schema is a historical and sociological one). We find ourselves, we exist culturally, Rieff argues in his 2006 work, My Life Among the Deathworks, in our relation to ultimate authority: 鈥淲herever we may be, in the whatness of our whoness, what we are is constituted by where we are in sacred order (3).鈥� Or, perhaps less enigmatically, he writes: 鈥淎 culture is the vertical in authority, that space between sacred order and social order which is the world made by world makers (45).鈥�

Rieff argues that, after a first world of culture, where ultimate authority lies with fate, as in the pagan cultures of Greece and Rome, arose a second world in which faith in a supreme lawgiving God was framed, as in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Rieff offers the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel as a representation of second world culture: 鈥淗ere is where culture is, in what is perhaps the most famous image of the via, or the way of authority, known to us. It is the image on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, Michaelangelo鈥檚 Creation of Adam, which is at the same time the creation of our second world culture. There on the right is the figure of the Creator, and on the left the first created. The key element is the space between鈥�. That space is extraordinarily limited. In that apparently little space is all the space in which all humanity lives (45).鈥�

Third world culture, ushered in, Rieff argues, by Nietzsche, Freud, and their many elite heirs, is a grand experiment in attacking what Rieff has named the vertical in authority. We kill God or ridicule providence, and we free ourselves from orientation to the vertical in authority. We deny there are interdicts which descend from on high, and we are liberated to make of ourselves whatever we choose. Efforts to such effect, Rieff argues, abound, and it is these he summarizes with the term deathworks. A prime example Rieff examines as a deathwork is Andres Serrano鈥檚 Piss Christ (1987), which is a glass enclosure containing a crucifix submerged in the artist鈥檚 own urine. It is not difficult to see this work as subversive of the vertical in authority. What Rieff鈥檚 analysis of it provides is a basis for seeing a great many other cultural artifacts, words, and actions as similarly profanations of God, of Moses, of priests, of ministers, of rabbis, and mockeries of those striving to find themselves in a right orientation to the ultimate sacred authority. Rieff reveals that most of these deathworks are far more subtle, and therefore persuasive, than Serrano鈥檚, and that they are legion. Rieff argues that third world culture is at bottom anti-culture since it seeks to destroy that little space between the hand of God and the first human being, that space in which humanity finds its genuine culture. It is impossible to avoid the effects of such deathworks: However hard we may try to maintain the posture of one who sees himself as principally a denizen of the second world culture, we are at war even within ourselves for we cannot but live our lives among the myriad deathworks of contemporary culture.

I warned you this was a dark view of the challenges before us, and, should you pick up Rieff, I suspect everyone in this room, myself included, would find objectionable some of the analyses that Rieff provides, especially in his interpretations of particular works of art, both visual and literary. But I warrant he is on to something, and that, indeed, the challenges are stark, and that even our best and brightest students who have also received an excellent formation in the faith of their fathers and mothers, suffer the intra and inter-personal torments he describes in their efforts to find their way forward as shapers of our culture.

As dark as Rieff鈥檚 survey of our contemporary malaise is, even he sees hope. His point in writing this work, he tells us, is to unmask deathworks as deathworks (18). To see them for what they are is to weaken their grip on our souls. His goal is to disarm deathworks. One does not do that with acts of physical violence鈥攍ike in the recent assassination attempt on Salman Rushdie. Besides violating the interdict against murder, such acts of violence are self-defeating. Nor does Rieff argue that there is no role for subversive art or literature. And, it stands pointing out, that great literature, great works of art, whether subversive or not, deserve study. It also stands pointing out that 鈥渟ubversive鈥� is a pliable word: Rushdie鈥檚 playful and engaging literature, to stay with the example, may be subversive of certain strains of Islamist orthodoxy, but is it possibly affirmative of other sorts of right thinking? One cannot judge rightly without study. Rieff鈥檚 effort is to liberate us from anti-culture by revealing the subversive as subversive, by naming things what they are. And, we should name things what they are; but a well educated person knows that such naming can really only be the fruit of assessing things himself.

Hope is strengthened still further when you have a university dedicated not just to naming rightly what lurks in the darkness, but to nurturing its students in an education in the true, good, and beautiful. We are explicitly dedicated to strengthening our students鈥� relation to the vertical in authority by educating them in the best of the Western and Catholic intellectual tradition and encouraging in them a genuinely magnanimous spirit, one that enables them to plow their lifelong efforts into glorious works for the greater glory of God.

But bear in mind that we should not be too quick to dismiss what might seem alien. My reflections on Rieff should not be interpreted as a suggestion to ignore creative works that fall outside comfortable patterns of thought, or worse, as fostering any fear of engaging works that may fall outside our tradition. Liberal education is animated by the principle that there is gold to find in every mine. Our mission statement (/about-ud/mission.php ) does indeed dedicate us to 鈥渢he recovery of the Christian intellectual tradition, and to the renewal of Catholic theology in fidelity to the Church,鈥� but also to do so 鈥渋n constructive dialogue with the modern world.鈥� If we, the faculty of the University of Dallas do not find a way to do both these things well, who will?

More than ever, our work as educators is of vital importance. We are dedicated in our mission statement to orienting our students to wisdom, truth, and virtue. It is to that orientation we must tend with the very best of our efforts, taking special care to keep our own orientation aright. And for that latter effort, we all ought to be grateful that we are in this work together.

My summer reading concluded with a return to John Henry Newman鈥檚 The Idea of a University. It is remarkable how well this relatively old work responds to our current challenges. Newman鈥檚 unflinching defense of learning for its own sake, explored at length in Discourse V, contains the heart of the matter. Liberal education concerns the cultivation of the mind first and foremost, and it is from that cultivation that genuine culture is secured. There are warnings to heed in The Idea of a University as well. For instance, that though learning for its own sake is unarguably a great good, it alone does not make us or our students good. This is why the work we do in student life and campus ministry is so vitally important: cultivating the whole person, integrating the intellectual, moral, and theological virtues, entails focused attention to all areas of university life.

The Idea of a University also contains ample argument for putting to rest fears that practical disciplines, like business, might weaken the liberal arts character of our university. When Newman argues that a liberal arts university is a place in which students and faculty are brought to appreciate the unity of all the disciplines, he really means all the disciplines. So long as the foundation remains the liberating arts and sciences, Newman argues that not just business, but law, medicine, and other practical subjects find their most fitting home in a liberal arts university. As Newman argues in Discourse VII, it is not only that the properly liberal disciplines, though not principally oriented towards usefulness, are nonetheless profoundly useful, for, 鈥渢hat training of the intellect which is best for the individual himself, best enables him[JJS2] to discharge his duties to society (Idea, 136),鈥漑1] but practical disciplines both benefit and are benefitted by their inclusion within a liberal arts university because the faculty of those disciplines enrich the lives of faculty in the more explicitly liberal disciplines and come to appreciate their discipline鈥檚 relation to the other disciplines (Idea, 128-9).

Newman concludes Discourse VII arguing not only that a great Catholic liberal arts university must indeed be dedicated first and foremost to the principal task of cultivating the minds of its students, and secondly to preparing them for successful careers in any sort of profession, but also that there is far more to which we must be dedicated. A great Catholic liberal arts university is preparing its students to live lives of rich meaning and purpose, and to shaping the culture in which they find themselves world makers, that is to say, culture formers. Newman鈥檚 words on this subject are too fitting to merely gloss:

But a university training is the great ordinary means to a great but ordinary end; it aims at raising the intellectual tone of society, at cultivating the public mind, at purifying the national taste, at supplying true principles to popular enthusiasm and fixed aims to popular aspiration, at giving enlargement and sobriety to the ideas of the age, at facilitating the exercise of political power, and refining the intercourse of private life. It is the education that gives a man a clear conscious view of his own opinions and judgments, a truth in developing them, an eloquence in expressing them, and a force in urging them. It teaches him to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a skein of thought, to detect what is sophistical, and to discard what is irrelevant. It prepares him to fill any post with credit and to master any subject with facility. It shows him how to accommodate himself to others, how to throw himself in their state of mind, how to bring before them his own, how to influence them, how to come to an understanding with them, how to bear with them. He is at home in any society, he has common ground with any class; he knows when to speak and when to be silent; he is able to converse, he is able to listen; he can ask a question pertinently, and gain a lesson seasonably, when he has nothing to impart himself; he is ever ready, yet never in the way; he is a pleasant companion, and a comrade you can depend upon; he knows when to be serious and when to trifle, and he has sure tact which enables him to trifle with gracefulness and to be serious with effect. He has the repose of a mind which lives in itself, while it lives in the world, and which has resources of its happiness at home when it cannot go abroad. He has a gift which serves him in public, and supports him in retirement, without which good fortune is but vulgar, and with which failure and disappointment have a charm (Idea, 137).

We, the faculty of the 吃瓜网, are the ones who provide this gift to our students. It is a gift of light that penetrates every darkness and strengthens flagging courage. We in turn are gifted to be united in our effort to impart this gift. We do need to be conscious of the cultural challenges before us. We need to name things for what they are so as to loosen their grip on our and our students鈥� souls. But, let us not linger overlong on the works of darkness. Let us rally our efforts to offer the most excellent of gifts by educating excellently those students who will soon be before us in our classrooms. This is our great work. Let us begin it anew.

Sincerely,

Jonathan J. Sanford, Ph.D.
President
Professor of Philosophy

[1] Newman, The Idea of a University (Tacoma, WA: Cluny Media, 2016).

The Virtuous Leader in Business and Beyond
We are justly proud at the 吃瓜网 that we hold the liberating arts and sciences in a fulsome embrace. Ask any junior why he wasted a couple hours memorizing Yeats鈥� 鈥淭he Second Coming鈥� since he can鈥檛 do anything practical with what he learned, and he鈥檒l note your mistaken assumptions. But are utility and the intrinsic good of learning in fact divorced? And, for that matter, is an education in business somehow foreign to, even an impediment to, liberal education?

The key to answering these questions properly lies in how we order things. Anyone aiming to provide a robust defense for liberal education will not be served better by any work than St. John Henry Newman鈥檚 The Idea of the University. And yet, perhaps because of Newman鈥檚 unwavering defense of learning for its own sake as its own good, champions of liberal education too often overlook two significant elements in Newman鈥檚 seminal work, both encompassed within Discourse VII.

First, he defends the utility of liberal education. Though utility is not the first justification for liberal education, he argues there is no more useful education than a genuinely liberal one. The well-educated 吃瓜网 graduate of whatever major is made ready to take on positions of leadership in every profession.

Second, Newman goes a step further in defending an essential role for specifically professional education within a liberal arts university, urging us to see that, in fact, every discipline, whether principally liberal or practical, is best pursued within a university setting devoted to the liberal arts. A business education, for instance, is best pursued within a liberal arts university, especially one so wholeheartedly dedicated to excellence as the 吃瓜网, whether on the undergraduate or graduate level.

Though we are shaping future leaders in all our courses of study, the way we do this in our business programs is particularly distinctive. To be sure, nearly every university that offers business programs provides some emphasis on ethics, but too often in these programs ethics is thought to be something that is applied only in special circumstances or in tough cases 鈥� students study ethical theories, look at some case studies, and hope they are ready for those tough moments when they need to apply one or another set of ethical principles.

There are two basic problems with this approach. First, ethics is never just for occasional use. Our lives are not properly divided between moments where ethical thinking does and does not apply. As Aristotle and Aquinas both aver, to deliberate about any action, no matter how mundane, to think practically at all, is to be thinking ethically. The real measure is whether we are thinking and then acting well or poorly about what is good and bad in any situation that calls for action. What is of utmost significance to thinking and acting well is the degree to which the thinker and actor is virtuous.

The second problem with applying ethics only in certain situations is that the character of the leaders is of special importance in any corporation or institution, for it is the leaders who play principal roles in the ways in which any corporation or institution shapes its own culture and affects the wider culture. That culture-shaping role, as we know all too well, can be for good or ill. It is virtuous leaders who ensure the former and guard against the latter.

A virtue, more than any skill or managerial theory, is what makes a leader good, and enables his or her work to be done well. Not just some of his or her work 鈥� all of his or her work, from making good decisions in fraught situations to answering everyday emails well. The virtuous leader is never a chameleon: There is constancy, consistency and integrity across the whole of the virtuous leader鈥檚 life, whether 鈥渙n the job鈥� or 鈥渨ith the family.鈥�

Virtues are first principles of moral action. If one possesses them, one is able to discern which are the true human goods. This entails a deeper understanding of and appreciation for the human person: What makes one happy? What enables one to flourish?

There are no situations in which virtue is not called for. The virtuous leader does not need to discern when courage or justice is called for, he or she is always attuned to acting courageously and justly; the question becomes how to act justly or courageously in any particular circumstance. The virtuous leader is always ready to act, in prudence, to promote the common good since they are always disposed to do what is right for the right reason.

This is the advantage of an 鈥渆thics of character鈥� approach, as opposed to an 鈥渆thics of rules.鈥� The virtuous leader plays the long game, striving for what is right and good in every situation, cultivating and communicating moral excellence in such a way as to make possible genuine professional and personal success.

Future business leaders should be given opportunities to think how best to discern and apply properly grounded ethical principles in a wide array of circumstances, but they also need to be shaped by the virtues so that they in turn can shape the corporations they lead virtuously. It is our emphasis on both these elements of ethical training, combined with our liberal arts foundation and rigorous coursework and experiences, that strengthens the skills necessary to compete in today鈥檚 increasingly complex environment and makes business education at the 吃瓜网 so distinctive.

Sincerely,

Jonathan J. Sanford, Ph.D.
President
Professor of Philosophy

To Whom Should We Speak?

Growing up can be hard. Social disaster seems always lurking at the door, particularly in those early teenage years. Cliques abound. Talk to one, and you鈥檝e just alienated yourself from another. The young person is faced with three options: Choose a clique and only talk to its members; keep completely to yourself; or try to talk to everyone and let the chips fall where they may. It was in the midst of navigating this sort of landscape that I met a young woman, also 13, who like me chose that third option. Maybe that has something to do with why we eventually married.

I am still engaged in that effort. I recently spent some time with a host of Fox and Friends, Rachel Campos Duffy. She and her husband, former Congressman Sean Duffy, have both publicly stated on television that they will have a child at 吃瓜网 this coming year. The 吃瓜网 was featured as a paradigm for how colleges can support student engagement and flourishing in a much commented-upon New York Times article. Drs. Scott Crider and Anthony Nussmeier, as well as rising senior Gabriella Capizzi, all play starring roles in that fine essay. The 吃瓜网 was given a resounding endorsement recently in the online version of First Things by Dr. Joshua Katz, who at the time of publication was the Cotsen Professor of Humanities and a professor of classics at Princeton. And, I recently had an opinion piece published in the Dallas Morning News. I used that occasion to encourage the recovery of civil discourse, invoking arguments aimed at making a broad appeal.

These engagements have generated significant positive responses. They also generated criticism. That criticism was not over the content, but rather over the venues for engagement. 鈥淗ow could the president have spoken to them?鈥� 鈥淲hy would he write for them?鈥� Why, indeed?

The 吃瓜网 provides the finest education you can find in this country. Our commitment to a rigorous and integrated core curriculum combined with outstanding majors is without parallel. The way in which our Catholicism infuses not just the intellectual formation of our students but their moral and spiritual as well is peerless. Put our signature Rome Program, our outstanding graduate programs, and our longstanding commitment to excellence in the arts into the mix, and no other university can hold a candle to us. Those of you who know us well know this already. We are the premier Catholic liberal arts university in this nation. Too few outside of our immediate circles have known this for too long. It is time to take our message to the four corners of the world. This world needs the excellent liberal education that we provide. We are all called to be evangelists for it.

One of the ways in which we are called to revive our fractured and faltering culture is through exercising effectively the hard-won art of engaging others civilly. I like the phrase that G.K. Chesterton uses to describe this art, as one of arguing without quarreling. Our students learn this art through their work in the classroom. Whatever the topic, for our students there is no escaping learning to advance arguments in the classroom and on their written assignments. They learn as well that the Western intellectual tradition is no stranger to conflict 鈥� that, in fact, it is an extended argument. Our students learn not just to argue with each other and their professors, they immerse themselves in the extended argument of our tradition and thus make that tradition their own. They learn, as well, that the tradition is not something static, but a dynamic source of creativity that enables them to add to the growing body of knowledge and works of artistry.

Some might imagine that in focusing so much on teaching the increasingly lost art of argumentative inquiry we weaken our ability to stand for things. Just the opposite is the case. Institutionally, we are unafraid to make clear our commitments to fundamental moral principles and to align ourselves with the Catholic Church鈥檚 magisterium. It is essential to recognize that argumentative inquiry is one of those principles, a fundamental good for which we stand. The goods of inquiry, like academic freedom and freedom of expression, are simply part of the fabric of any great Catholic liberal arts university. And, in point of fact, we are able to support fully the goods of inquiry precisely because of our other commitments. As John Paul II argues at length in Fides et ratio, faith undergirds conviction in the effectiveness of reason and empowers its enthusiasm for inquiry.

So, to whom should we speak? Everyone with ears to listen. In sharing the good news of 吃瓜网鈥檚 liberating and excellent approach to education, one never knows whose heart might be moved to the good, true and beautiful that we joyfully strive to seek and to serve.

Sincerely,

Jonathan J. Sanford, Ph.D.
President
Professor of Philosophy

The Liberal Nature of the Sciences and Mathematics

There are twin perils facing a deep appreciation for the sciences and mathematics. On the one hand, those who take themselves to be advocating for the liberal arts sometimes exclude the sciences and mathematics in their accounts. Justifications for a liberal arts education can often tend toward justifications of the importance of the humanities. Of course, the humanities represent disciplines of fundamental importance for developing a deep understanding of the human person, the nature of reality, and man鈥檚 relation to God. But so, too, do the sciences and mathematics. On the other hand, the tremendous emphasis placed upon STEM because of a perceived immediate utilitarian application of those disciplines to achieve 鈥渞eal-world鈥� results can work to corrode a fulsome appreciation of the sciences and mathematics as worthy of study for their own sake. These are twin perils because they feed each other in an unvirtuous rhetorical circle that excludes the manner in which studies in the sciences and mathematics should be fundamentally a liberating affair.

In point of fact, the sciences and mathematics have a greater claim to being liberal arts than do the humanities. The original seven liberal arts are, first, the Trivium, consisting of grammar, logic, and rhetoric, and second, the Quadrivium, consisting of arithmetic, astronomy, music, and geometry. We do not find philosophy, history, theology, or literature on this list of seven, but we do find two mathematical disciplines, that part of physics called astronomy, and even a fine art, which in its original medieval framework was also seen as a part of mathematics: music.

We have expanded what we mean by a liberal arts education to make room for a robust engagement with the humanities, and, of course, the studies comprising the Trivium undergird each of them, but so too do the 鈥渢hree ways,鈥� the Trivium, undergird the sciences and mathematics. In turn, the 鈥渇our ways鈥� also undergird our studies in the humanities, for the methodologies of the Quadrivium train the mind to make sense of the world as it presents itself to our senses so that we can, over time and with study, make better sense of those realities behind appearances.

There is another training to be had by attentiveness to the sciences and mathematics when they are rightly treated as liberal arts: we learn to be attentive to, to ask questions about and begin to make progress toward understanding observable objects for their own sake. Those matters that are near at hand, that can be pulled apart and physically analyzed, or placed under a microscope, or significantly magnified through a telescope, are objects about which the human person is naturally deeply curious. Learning to ask good questions about observable phenomena, and learning how to pursue answers to those questions through the application of the scientific and mathematical methodologies, is first and foremost a good in and of itself. We humans, as Aristotle noted so long ago in the opening lines of his Metaphysics, desire to know, and paying tribute to the goodness of that desire by seeking to know things themselves because they are worthy of knowing, is itself a great good that we promote through our science and mathematics courses at the 吃瓜网. This is why the natural and mathematical disciplines are part of our core. And, the majors in the sciences and mathematics continue to build on this same mode; we want our students to be able to understand and demonstrate the great discoveries of the past, and we also want them to learn how to expand the body of knowledge through their own research undertaken in collaboration with our outstanding faculty.

The worthiness of every discipline, not just the S and M of STEM disciplines, runs the risk of being reduced merely to their utilitarian effects. This can happen in the humanities when their justification is predicated upon just the 鈥渟kills鈥� that they cultivate. When that happens, we fall into the temptation of valuing a thing only or predominantly for its good consequences. When that happens, we diminish the goodness of human wonder and our natural desire to know while also losing proper sight of the objects under study.

Of course, those consequences are real. We would not be graduating students whose first destinations outpace those of most universities, or who regularly report back to us that they are more prepared for graduate or professional studies beyond 吃瓜网 than their peers, or who consistently rise in the corporations at which they are employed at a faster pace than do those from other schools. Indeed, as George Weigel recently noted in First Things, the impressive rates of 吃瓜网 math and science graduates who pursue doctoral programs and medical school demonstrate that the 鈥渂est of Catholic liberal arts education prepares students for any intellectual or professional endeavor.鈥�

Our Office of Personal and Career Development does a great job in helping students to imagine themselves into different possible careers through resume help, mock interviews, career talks from outside professionals, internships, mentoring, and career placements. Our students are encouraged and enabled to explore their future careers, but they do so in the context of the freedom to throw themselves fully into their liberal arts education.

Commentators and employers are taking notice: Our graduates think more clearly and creatively, write with more precision and eloquence, speak more persuasively, and are enabled to adjust quickly to the ever-changing environments in which they find themselves after they graduate. But it is of the utmost importance to remember that these achievements are not despite, but precisely because, they have been habituated by the truly liberating and character-forming nature of their studies at the University of Dallas.

Sincerely,

Jonathan J. Sanford, Ph.D.
President
Professor of Philosophy

Any education is a matter of culture formation, for good or for ill. Plato recognized this better than most, and thus gave concerted attention to education and its relation to the political, institutional and social orders right up to the very end of his life; in fact, the final sections of The Laws were still wet in the wax at his death. Not to put too fine a point on it: You get education right, and culture flourishes; you get it wrong, and culture falls ultimately into a tyranny of the mind and body. The link between education and culture is inescapable, which is why so many of us are concerned about the distressing state of education in so much of our country. Degradations of academic standards, corrosive indoctrinations, a cancel culture that prohibits inquiry, and a dismissal of those virtues needed to cultivate the art of persuasion are all elements of some educations on offer today. Whether fostered in the worst or best of schools, the student is being formed one way or another, and the shape given to his or her soul will prove of signature importance for the shape of our wider culture. This is why it matters so very much that we take the greatest care to provide the best of educations to our students. Indeed, the education one receives can make the difference between life and death.

That life and death difference is poignantly evident in the case of abortion: how one thinks, and how one puts such thought into action, makes all the difference in whether a large number of vulnerable people are able to live beyond their mothers鈥� wombs. Abortion is especially on the mind of this nation during the month of January, the month in which the Roe v. Wade decision was issued by the Supreme Court in 1973. This January marks an anniversary like no other since that first issuance as the nation waits to see how the Dobbs v. Jackson Women鈥檚 Health Organization case is decided, and whether that fateful decision in 1973 to lodge the permissibility to kill unborn children as a constitutional protection will be overturned. Though we may not have direct influence in how the Supreme Court decides the Dobbs case, there is more than plenty for us to do.

The 吃瓜网 is devoted to renewing culture through educational excellence. This is work that we undertake on both an individual and a social level. We dig into the roots of things. We seek not only to uncover what really is the case with regard to human life and the world in which we live, but to learn to give an account of why things must be so. We strive to see, to grasp, to behold, as well as to explain, to defend or refute, to reason. Wisdom entails both understanding and demonstrating. At the 吃瓜网, we seek to understand and demonstrate not just what is the case in an effort to achieve philosophical or scientific knowledge, but to understand and reason well about all those matters that come under the orbit of human action, both individual and collective actions. We study ethics, politics and history not only to understand principles but to prepare to act well within the institutions that compose the fabric of our society. Just as we not only learn to appreciate artistic creations, but how to make them ourselves on the stage or in the studio, so too do we work with our students to form judgments about right action and nurture in them the virtues of justice and courage to execute those judgments excellently.

Whether striving to understand the meaning of human existence, our relationship to the world or its author, or those principles that ought to guide our actions, there is no more basic set of considerations than those that fall within that range of concerns that St. John Paul II named 鈥渢he Gospel of Life.鈥� I recently reread his remarkable encyclical, Evangelium Vitae, and was especially struck by two things. The first is that, though many of the arguments that JPII advances are grounded in Scripture and the theological tradition, many of them are not.  From a personalist and natural law perspective he addresses not just the questions around abortion, euthanasia, and other issues of life and death, but also the nature of law, the limits of democracy and the responsibility of citizens. Near the very end of the encyclical, in section 101, JPII concludes that the Gospel of Life is not just for Christians, nor just for those of the Abrahammic faiths, but for everyone, regardless of belief. He asserts that the arguments he advances stand on their own legs. I agree. I encourage you to pick up his text and see if you agree 鈥� that鈥檚 just what a 吃瓜网 education enables you to do.

The other feature of Evangelium Vitae which struck me on my latest rereading is the emphasis on positive obligations. Innocent life must never be violated; that is an exceptionless norm, and it is framed in the Decalogue as a negative obligation: 鈥淵ou shall not kill.鈥� But there are also positive obligations, a great many of them, to do all that we can to promote flourishing lives for all who live within our reach of influence: obligations to provide for basic needs as well as to promote the full flourishing of each human life through education. JPII does not locate those obligations in the state principally, but rather in the soul of each person. It is on those personal obligations that the grace of charity can perfect our natures as we strive to live out lives in which works of corporeal mercy have a prominent role in our daily lives.

JPII invites us to see the Gospel of Life as being of an expansive scope. Yes, advocating for the lives of the unborn and providing care for needy mothers and their children is foundational in promoting this culture. But also parents raising their children well, physicians caring for their patients, lawyers acting in justice and going the extra mile for their clients, and corporate leaders who put the moral well-being of their employees and customers first are all exercising works of mercy in those very activities. So too for our faculty and staff who dedicate themselves to nurturing the souls of our students. Evangelium Vitae reveals much of what renewing culture entails.

Sincerely,

Jonathan J. Sanford, Ph.D.
President
Professor of Philosophy

This time of year, more than any other, the awareness that each year is composed of three years is felt with particular significance. Just as the calendar year is driving toward its close, accompanied by diminished daylight and year-end appeals, the Church has already begun anew its liturgical year with Advent. At least for those connected in some way with education, the academic year reaches its midpoint. December is the month of ending, beginning and middling.

Thinking about time and how it is measured always brings me back to Book 11 of Augustine鈥檚 Confessions. Augustine鈥檚 meditation on the first words of Scripture 鈥� In the beginning, God made the heavens and the earth 鈥� launches him into a reflection on the timelessness of fundamental realities, God and what his being entails, and their connection to our time-bounded nature and mode of experience. Time is not an independent reality composed of an existing past and future; rather, it is the fruit of mental synthesis. What is past no longer exists, but is remembered. In remembering what is past, we anticipate the future, and both in remembering and in anticipating we make sense of the present.

In Section 28 of Book 11 Augustine exemplifies this mental synthesis by reflecting on the recitation of a psalm he already knows: 鈥淏efore I begin, my expectation is directed to the whole of it; but when I have begun, so much of it as I pluck off and drop away into the past becomes matter for my memory; and the whole energy of the action is divided between my memory, in regard to what I have said, and my expectation, in regard to what I am still to say. But there is a present act of attention, by which what was future passes on its way to becoming past.鈥� As the recitation progresses, memory is engaged evermore to bring meaning to the whole. Augustine ends his reflection by emphasizing that what goes for the recitation of a psalm is true for the whole life of a human being, and indeed for the whole of human history. In fact, any act of understanding arises from this time-bounded mode of understanding where both memory and expectation enable us to be fully attentive to what lies before our mind鈥檚 eye. Even though the mental act of grasping a timeless truth is a timeless action because it is an intellectual 鈥� that is to say, immaterial 鈥� act, the very means by which we can attend to timeless truths is, for us, time-bound. By Augustine鈥檚 way of thinking, time is not so much a mode of limitation as a means of enabling us to understand what is most worthy of our attention.

The three years through which we cycle in any given year are not the same with respect to the experience of time. The calendar year marks the seasons, but the years compound. Each liturgical year, on the other hand, is, so to speak, a new creation, a new opportunity to welcome the miraculous birth of our Savior and his salvific work of death and resurrection. Each liturgical year is both a new creation and, in another sense, the same as every other liturgical year. It is in the liturgical year that we find annual renewal.

Academic years bear features of both these other two years. At the 吃瓜网, we return each year to those treasures of our tradition, like Augustine鈥檚 Confessions, that provide opportunities for new discoveries for those moving through this cycle of study for the first time, and new discoveries and renewals of past discoveries for their professors as well as for alumni who return to their core studies in efforts to continue to grow into the education they have received. But the 吃瓜网 is not merely a deposit of memories presented afresh to new students who enter our doors. We have outstanding majors and graduate programs in which we add to the growing body of human knowledge. Our students learn from their teacher-scholars not just how to be properly disposed toward the greatest insights of the past, but how to penetrate into what has not yet been discovered.

All three years are relevant to making sense of our lives as a whole. We are all growing older, as the mounting calendar years remind us with the turn of each new year. The academic year enables us to remember the treasures of our tradition, to expect new discoveries that build on past ones, and to perceive those truths that reveal themselves through our time-bound inquiries. The liturgical year sustains us throughout, bringing to our attention the Gospel truths that are ever ancient, ever new.

May this Christmas season be a time of deep renewal for you, and may this new year be a psalm well sung.

Jonathan J. Sanford, Ph.D.
President
Professor of Philosophy

Love, Excellence and the 吃瓜网: Inaugural Address by Jonathan J. Sanford

This is the address delivered by Jonathan J. Sanford, Ph.D., on the occasion of his inauguration as 10th president of the 吃瓜网 on Oct. 1, 2021.

Your Excellency, and Chancellor of the 吃瓜网, Most Reverend Bishop Edward J. Burns; Chair of the Board of Trustees Richard Husseini; your Excellency, Most Reverend Bishop Gregory Kelly; Abbot Peter Verhalen, O.Cist.; Trustees of the 吃瓜网; University Chaplain Fr. Joseph Paul Albin, O.P.; our many Concelebrants; Cistercian monks, Consecrated Sisters of the Dominican and Sisters for Life orders, Dominican Brothers, and other men and women religious; Seminarians of Holy Trinity Seminary and Redemptoris Mater Seminary; Knights and Dames of the Order of Malta; fellow university presidents and other university delegates; the esteemed faculty and dedicated staff of the 吃瓜网; members of my family 鈥� my parents, Russ and Ruth, my in-laws, William and Peggy, my most remarkable wife, Rebecca, and our children; benefactors, students, alumni and all friends of the 吃瓜网; what a joy it is to be with you this day. Thank you for your presence. Thank you for your support. Thank you for your prayers as I endeavor to serve faithfully and vigilantly this, our magnificent 吃瓜网. 

The opening lines of Plato鈥檚 dialogue Phaedrus have Socrates greeting Phaedrus with these words: 鈥淧haedrus, my friend! Where have you been? Where are you going?鈥� Phaedrus is a great lover of speeches, and he is taking a walk outside the walls of the city of Athens to reflect on and practice delivering a speech he heard from the sophist Lysias. The speech concerns love, eros, but it contains a most provocative thesis. Rather than arguing that thoughts and actions are best when motivated by love, it contends that relationships are best served when there is no affection involved. Given the tendency of love to go awry, we might be tempted to think that the speech of the sophist Lysias has hit upon a deep truth, namely that there is duty and security to be found in a commitment to passionless action. But that temptation should be avoided. On this both Plato and the Gospels agree: actions are rightly ordered to the good only when guided by well-ordered love, and whereas one can expect nothing great from the apathetic, disordered love at least bears the prospects of redeemability. 

It is not my aim to provide you with anything like a thorough interpretation of Plato鈥檚 Phaedrus, one of the most fascinating and significant dialogues in Plato鈥檚 corpus, but I do want to dig in some of its fertile ground to plant the seed of my own speech. The dialogue concerns not just the nature of love, but the nature of words, and speeches in particular, and the manner in which words can both obscure and reveal reality. The purpose of speeches, Socrates states later in the dialogue, is to direct the soul (Phaedrus, 271d), and so there is an obligation that every speech giver has both to understand the soul and to discern the truth when he sets out to direct the souls of others. Socrates, displaying his own rhetorical prowess, provides a speech superior to Lysias鈥� in which he supports the same thesis as does Lysias, namely that actions motivated by something other than love are superior to those that are. Though the speech is very fine indeed, Socrates is deeply dissatisfied with it. Why? Because it obscures the truth of the matter: It is a speech which fails to fulfill that obligation that all rhetors have to direct souls well. The truth as concerns love is that, in fact, particular deeds and even one鈥檚 entire life are best when love serves as the principal motivation. Failing to love is a failure to acknowledge the creative and productive power of love. Now, it is not just any sort of love for any sort of thing that is best, but rather love that is perfected through cultivation of the virtues, and a love in which one yearns for those things that are truly good and beautiful. It is a love perfected by temperance and exercised with justice and courage that sprouts wings in a person so that he or she can soar, ultimately, to the very heights of heaven.

Where have you been? Where are you going? In the dialogue, these two questions put to Phaedrus are answered easily enough in our own cases if we consider merely the surface of things. You most recently came from your home, your dorm room, your hotel, to participate in this Mass and presidential installation. And, let me pause to express again my profound gratitude for your being here. Some of you traveled far indeed, and others were already near at hand, and still others have taken the time to be here virtually. But you have all come to mark this moment, to be part of this celebration which, though I am featured, is actually not about me but about this great Catholic liberal arts university and the glorious mission to which it is dedicated. From the bottom of my heart, I thank you.

The questions 鈥� Where have you been? Where are you going? 鈥� as with all things in those dialogues of one of the principal fathers of our Western intellectual tradition, have depth to them. Where have you been? At one level of depth, this question invites us to reflect on what and who have shaped us thus far. We all come from particular parents, born in particular locations at particular times, have a group of particular siblings and friends, and have had a practically infinite set of interactions with other persons and experiences that, in combination with our ongoing reflections, have given shape to our life鈥檚 story. When you make a new friend, you share some of those stories. Which ones? We tend to share the stories about ourselves that reveal our own loves, those things, those interests and goals, that reveal our heart. 

One can press the question even deeper to strive to unearth the metaphysical depths of our being. Where have you been? Where do you come from? How did you come to be? What is your being? These questions lead us to reflect not just on the lines of our natural origins, our parents, grandparents, great grandparents, and so on. They lead us to reflect on divine origins. Do you, as well as your parents and grandparents, share a common origin in a divine being? Did God participate in your coming to be? Does God maintain your being even now? What or who is God? In what ways are you like God? In what ways are you unlike God? In Plato鈥檚 Phaedrus Socrates insists that the most important knowledge is self-knowledge, a point emphasized throughout the Platonic corpus. Pressing hard on the question 鈥淲here have you been?鈥� brings us to the answer to that question. We are each imagines Dei, images and likenesses of God.

Where are you going? Like the first question, this one can be pressed beyond a surface answer to reveal two dimensions, a natural and a supernatural one. Where are you going? What do you intend to do with your life? What are your professional aspirations? Will you be married and have a family? How will you raise your children? What is your calling 鈥� professionally, personally, religiously? Just as we share our natural origins with our friends, so too do we share our aspirations. Where you intend to go and how you intend to live reveals your loves by laying open your heart. 

As with our beginnings, so with our ends, the question of God and his role in where you have come from and whither you go emerge as we press on to the supernatural depths to which this question directs us. Does God want a relationship with you? What does that even mean? Why would God want you as his friend? What does God鈥檚 love for you reveal about yourself and the loves you ought to have now? 

What does the 吃瓜网 have to do with either of these life-and-love-revealing questions? On the surface level, the 吃瓜网 is both an origin and a destination, a place to which some come and others go in any given year. It is the higher educational institution to which many come to receive an education and from which they leave to spend their lives growing into that education. More significantly, it is an institution that is a vital part of many life stories, a place of forming culture, creating friendship and family, and realizing one鈥檚 very humanity. Still further, through the education we provide at the 吃瓜网, our students uncover and more deeply understand the very meaning of their lives and learn to listen to those callings that become their vocations. 

There is another way to approach these fundamental questions with the University of Dallas in mind, one in which we think of it not just as the point of intersection and formation for many lives, but as itself a sort of living entity, an institutional being with a life of its own. 

Where has the 吃瓜网 been? Where is it going?

Though young as far as universities go, the 吃瓜网 is old enough that some of its origin stories are tinctured with elements of sacred lore. The first iteration of the 吃瓜网 runs from 1905 through 1928. It was the Vincentian Fathers who founded Holy Trinity College in 1905 and renamed it the 吃瓜网 in 1910. They closed the 吃瓜网 in 1928, and the charter was given to the Diocese of Dallas. The Sisters of St. Mary of Namur obtained that charter in 1955 with the intention of folding Our Lady of Victory College in Fort Worth into a newly established 吃瓜网. Something magical happened when an energetic bishop with a great deal of experience and a doctorate in history from Louvain, Bishop Thomas K. Gorman, was given back the charter for the 吃瓜网 from the Sisters of St. Mary of Namur later in 1955 and, together with a board of profoundly generous and daring businessmen, founded the 吃瓜网 in 1956. Our campus bears the names of those early great ones 鈥� Constantin, Gorman, Blakley, Haggar, Braniff, Maher. Bishop Gorman was convinced of the need to found not just another regional Catholic college, but a truly great Catholic university, one that would serve as a paradigm in the wider landscape of American higher education. He succeeded. 

The first faculty were composed of some of the Sisters of St. Mary of Namur, members of the Order of Friars Minor and laypeople. The Franciscans pulled out after three years, but they were replaced, and in ways that remain significant and continue to nurture the charism and classrooms of the 吃瓜网, by Cistercians who were refugees from then-Communist Hungary and by Dominicans from the Southern province who built their first priory on campus in 1958. The School Sisters of Notre Dame arrived in 1962 and provided invaluable teaching and administrative support. We are now mainly a lay faculty, but we have a new order of nuns, the Dominican Sisters of the Congregation of St. Cecilia, commonly known as the Nashville Dominicans, who comprise a part of our faculty, we continue to have Cistercians from our Lady of Dallas Abbey on our faculty, and the Dominicans provide excellent formation for our community through serving the chaplaincy. 

Many lay men and women have had a profound effect on our university, but none so great as Drs. Donald and Louise Cowan. When they arrived in the 1960s, there was much good to build on, and high aspirations for what 吃瓜网 might become. But, it was the Cowans, originally charged with establishing an Honors College at 吃瓜网, who instead built what is in effect an honors college for every undergraduate student. They were convinced that a shared curriculum was the most significant feature of a university education that would reclaim culture and revive the great Western intellectual tradition; as Dr. Donald Cowan observed, 鈥淭he curriculum is the center of the solution; it must be the same for all students, but designed for the best 鈥� not in its complexity but in its imaginative scope and profundity.鈥� And it was Dr. Louise Cowan who realized, together with Dr. Willmoore Kendall, Bishop Gorman鈥檚 dream of a truly distinctive graduate program, which came to be the Braniff Graduate School of Liberal Arts in which is housed what is now widely recognized as the strongest interdisciplinary Ph.D. program in the country, the Institute of Philosophical Studies. It was from Braniff that first the Graduate School of Management, named now after our generous alumni Satish and Yasmin Gupta, as the Gupta College of Business, sprung. And, so too, did the graduate programs in ministry find their origins in Braniff, 吃瓜网鈥檚 incubator for creative and foundational graduate education.

The University Dallas came from the creative partnerships, bold acts and generous donations of dedicated dreamers and doers: Bishop Gorman and his band of backers, Donald and Louise Cowan, James Fougerouse and Steven Pejovich, Lyle and Sybil Novinski, and countless faculty greats from Frederick Wilhelmsen to Sister Mary Clodovia, from Father Placid to Charles Coppin, from Father Roch Keretsky to Robert A. Welch, from John Sommerfeldt to Raymond DiLorenzo, from Bob Lynch to John Alvis, from Bob Wood to Eileen Gregory, from Tom Jodziewicz to Bruce Evans. We burst forth from unflinching daring in tumultuous times, and built on what was then a wilderness of mud, grass and scrub trees in these bluffs near the Trinity River. We do well to remember our origins, to study the great words and deeds of our founders, refounders and innovators. They gave the form of this institutional being we are, and as Aristotle reminds us, form and fulfillment go hand in hand. In establishing our forms, our forefathers and mothers fulfilled us.

Where are we going? Ours is an institution that liberates. Ours is an institution that reclaims the great things of the past. Ours is an institution that incubates the great things of the future. Ours is an institution that is dedicated to the purposes of rebuilding culture in a world that seems to have lost its way. Ours is an institution which by its Catholicism points the way forward for healing in our Church and in our country. Ours is an institution that stands tall and strong, like the Braniff Memorial Tower on our mall, in the storms raging against those dedicated to the purposes of genuine education, to form students by wisdom, truth and virtue. How do we do this? Through dauntless dedication to the soul-enriching and culture-building excellent education that we provide.

As I say, ours is an education that liberates, and that is because of the manner in which the liberal arts are deeply ingrained within our very essence as a Catholic liberal arts university. The liberal arts are those disciplined ways of perceiving, knowing and thinking that cultivate an appreciation of truths for their own sake. The liberal arts free us from our own ignorance, unmooring us from false opinions so that we might grasp matters as they are, and transforming even our true opinions into knowledge by learning to give an account of the reasons why those judgments are true. The liberal arts free us from unperfected passions because, in order to cultivate these arts, one needs to develop certain habits, certain virtues, like moderation and the courageous pursuit of truth, in the very process of acquiring the ways of perceiving, knowing and thinking embodied in the liberal arts. The liberal arts free us to study things that require a great deal of attention which, were it not for the unique environment that college provides, we would not be free to study. The ancients called such an environment 鈥渓eisure,鈥� and the measure of a well-educated person is his or her ability to use well those times in which one can separate from the concerns of the moment. Such genuine leisure, the great philosopher Josef Pieper insists, is the very basis of culture, and at its root is, if not proximately then ultimately, the act of worship of the God who makes all things new. The liberal arts free our graduates to live lives dedicated to continuous learning, lives dedicated to an ongoing pursuit of the true, good and beautiful. A liberal arts education, through enabling our students to embrace more fully their own humanity, particularly as rational beings made to flourish in community with others, frees them to become leaders and responsible citizens.

It is a hallmark of our university that all our undergraduates share the same pathway through a robust and integrated core curriculum. The core is not meant only to make its mark on the first two years of education; rather, it forms the foundation for the entirety of one鈥檚 education understood as a lifelong pursuit. The attunement to the objects of inquiry cultivated by the liberal arts can be brought to bear on any inquiry whatsoever; its fruit is appreciating the things one studies for their own sake. There is no discipline that is not profoundly enriched by the attunement that the liberal arts yield. And, what justifies our being a university, a group of many disciplines turned toward one, is the convergence of truth from the various disciplines toward a unity of knowledge. It is those liberating arts that enable us to appreciate the unity of truth.

The Catholicism of this, our 吃瓜网, undergirds the whole of our endeavors. The very idea of our university 鈥� that is to say its form, structure, substance and purpose 鈥� springs from ex corde Ecclesiae, from the heart of the Church, and we have ever aligned ourselves under the Church鈥檚 magisterial guidance. With respect to what unifies our various disciplines, Catholicism undergirds the convergence of truths by recognizing that the origin and summit of all truth has its source in God. With respect to the modes of freedom that our approach to a liberal arts education provides, Catholicism provides the richest of anthropologies that enables us to understand and try to realize what freedom exercised well entails. With respect to our student body, Catholicism opens us to students of all faiths and ethnicities, with invitations to Catholics and non-Catholics to experience more deeply the treasures of our faith. With respect to our campus culture, Catholicism firmly plants the divine liturgy as the deep root that holds in place our common life, guiding our approach to residential life, and athletics, and spiritual formation on campus, and the thousand ways in which the intellectual virtues our students are developing come to be interwoven with their moral and theological virtues, benefiting and benefited by each and every member of our community. 

The 吃瓜网 has indeed realized Bishop Gorman鈥檚 intention of founding a great Catholic liberal arts university, but let us not pretend that there is not more work to be done in fulfilling our mandate. Whatever the undulations of our mall might suggest to you, our educational foundation is firm. We are doing well in providing an exceptional education to our students. But we need to ensure that our commitment to academic excellence is unwavering, and we need to invest more deeply in our existing and future faculty members. We provide an excellent moral and spiritual formation for our students, but the extreme isolation and digitally inspired loneliness of these times make it clear that we need to do more to ensure that our students have every opportunity to live lives as complete and integrated men and women. We are rebuilding our culture first and foremost through forming its future leaders in our classrooms, but there is more we can do in service to Church and country, including for those who will not be privileged with the opportunity to matriculate at this, our great 吃瓜网. I invite each of you into our efforts to strengthen our foundations and to build upward and outward from them over the course of what, God willing, will be a very long period of stability, growth and cultural renewal as I endeavor to discharge faithfully my duty to lead this institution by the sister virtues of humility and magnanimity.

I want to return to those opening remarks of Plato鈥檚 dialogue. We have taken up Socrates鈥� two questions, but the fact that Socrates greets Phaedrus as 鈥渕y friend鈥� should not be overlooked. Friendship is the pinnacle relationship that eros yields 鈥� a reciprocal love for another that enables both friends to endeavor for the true, good and beautiful. The love of friendship is at the heart of our education at the 吃瓜网. 

There are four spheres in which this love of friendship is relevant to our education. First and foremost, we cultivate a friendship with the truth. To be sure, my use of friendship in this context may seem a stretch since friendship requires reciprocal love. But, there is a manner in which the truths of things do yearn to be known by us, and that is precisely because they are known and loved by a loving God. God鈥檚 knowing love for the things He made in turn presents them as fit partners for our longing intellects, which yearn to be fulfilled by the very essence of the beings we study. Learning to be good friends of the truth requires a great deal of habituation, the cultivation of those virtues of liberal learning that enable us to progress in this path of friendship, virtues such as intellectual humility, a sense of wonder, perseverance and savoring the truths we seek when they are grasped. Cultivating these virtues requires friends, and at the same time cultivates a deepening of those same friendships between students, between professors, and between professors and students. Ultimately, our education cultivates a friendship with our God who deigns to call us friends. It is not an exaggeration to say that the education we provide is a friendship nurtured for the sake of friendship.

Genuine friendship is founded upon arete, the Greek word for excellence or virtue. It is virtue that perfects our friendships with the truth, with our peers, with our mentors, and with God. It is excellence that is our guideword as we endeavor to do all things well. I look forward to the opportunities to explore deeply this theme in the coming year in my inaugural series, 鈥淎rete: Renewing Culture through Educational Excellence.鈥� This theme describes our call: The 吃瓜网 is uniquely positioned to revive our wounded culture through its unwavering commitment to an excellent Catholic and liberating education. We are called to effect healing and unity through the deep truths we communicate about the human person and our common desire to flourish in communion with others, our countless endeavors to promote all that is good, true and beautiful, and the many ways in which we foster magnanimity, which is that virtue that entails all the others and puts them at the service of glorious and good works. 

As we strive to build on and share more broadly the vital cultural resources that our university provides, we need always to remember that our principal work is to be found in our classrooms, in the work of our professors engaged in research and works of artistry, in the work of our graduates who live their lives excellently, and in the work of all those inspired by our great mission to renew culture through excellence in education. Our work is truly noble. Our work is sorely needed. The University of Dallas matters for this Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex, it matters for Texas, it matters for the United States of America, it matters for our world. Let us begin again the great work to which our beloved 吃瓜网 is already dedicated.

Faculty Day Address

What is the nature of the 吃瓜网? As with any person, and by analogy as with any institution, one needs to say something about the soul of the thing as well as the way that soul gives shape and direction to the body, in order to answer such a question.

Soul and body are correlative terms. You cannot have a soul without a body, or a body without a soul. A soul is what makes a living thing alive, gives it structure and form, and makes possible its various activities. A dead thing, though it may look like the body of the formerly living thing, is no longer a body, but a corpse. A corpse will have biological activities going on within it, but they are no longer orchestrated and unified as one thing. The matter that was the body decomposes, and new living things subdivide it into new organisms. In the case of institutions, it is possible that you can have structures, such as buildings, offices and even individuals performing tasks, and yet, in relation to the institution it was, it can be a corpse. Something new, or most likely, a number of new things, utilize the parts that were formerly coordinating in a vibrant and unified set of endeavors.

The 吃瓜网 is a living institution 鈥� vibrantly so. Its soul is named with three distinguishing terms: Catholic, liberal arts, university. Of course, we have not just liberal arts programs, but professional ones as well, most notably in our college of business. Those professional programs, however, are not outside of these three terms our institution has always used to define itself: Catholic, liberal arts, university. By seeing how our professional programs are an expression of the 吃瓜网鈥� unique combination of its three differentiating terms 鈥� Catholic, liberal arts, university 鈥� we should realize that these professional programs are intimately wrapped up with who we are and not some sort of add-ons.

To name an institution a university is to indicate the ways in which the many inquiries, artistic creations and pedagogical efforts undertaken across all of its disciplines are, as the etymology suggests, turned toward one thing. What is that one thing? To put the matter into a single formulation, it is the convergence of the many truths grasped by each of our varied disciplines. You might call this the unity of truth. It is not a uniquely Catholic notion that all truth is unified, or at least unifiable. Two notable pagans, Plato and Aristotle, were convinced of this. So too were notable Jewish and Muslim thinkers, such as Moses Maimonides and Al-Farabi. A conviction that there is a unity to all truth, a convergence of truth, is what justifies the organization of multiple disciplines within a single institution. It is what makes a university one thing, as opposed to many, a multi-versity. One of the goals of our integrated, synthetic, undergraduate Core Curriculum is to foster in our students those virtues that enable them to cultivate an appreciation for the unity of truth. That habituated ability goes by the name of wisdom.

鈥嬧�婽he liberal arts are those disciplined ways of perceiving, knowing and thinking that cultivate an appreciation of truths for their own sake. These arts are liberating in at least five ways. First, the liberal arts free us from ignorance. They only do this when we first acknowledge our ignorance through practicing the virtue of intellectual humility. Second, they free us from unperfected passions because, in order to cultivate these arts, one needs to develop certain habits, certain virtues, like moderation and perseverance, in the very process of acquiring the ways of perceiving, knowing, and thinking embodied in the liberal arts. Third, the liberal arts free us to study things that require a great deal of attention which, were it not for the unique environment that college provides, we would not be free to study. The term 鈥渓eisure鈥� is what is traditionally used to name what I have called 鈥渢he unique environment鈥�; it is a potent and noble term, though often grossly misunderstood to mean something like 鈥渢ime to chill.鈥� It is our duty as their professors to show our students how to use the great gift of time they have to embrace fully the vocation of being a student. Fourth, the liberal arts free our graduates to live lives dedicated to continuous learning, lives dedicated to an ongoing pursuit of the true, good, and beautiful. Fifth, a liberal arts education, through enabling our students to embrace more fully their own humanity, particularly as rational beings made to flourish in community with others, frees them to become leaders and responsible citizens.

In each of these modes of freedom, our students and graduates are provided opportunities to cultivate those virtues needed to be attentive to what they study, the virtues of studiousness and educability.  The kind of attentiveness I mean here is an attunement to the objects of inquiry themselves. This notion of studying a thing for its own sake and not, say, merely for its utilitarian value, is one that can be stretched to include studies of those disciplines which include an explicit orientation to professional success. Simply to have a practical application does not render a discipline bereft of intrinsic value. There is order and beauty to how data sets are arranged in a spread sheet, rhetorical goodness to be appreciated in a marketing plan, and deep psychological truths to be appreciated in cultivating the art of pedagogy. What matters most is the disposition of the learner, the attunement to and appreciation for the practical and productive arts themselves. By recognizing the ways in which our professional programs are expressions of our liberal arts character, we find in them a purpose and nobility that might otherwise be overlooked.

We are not just a liberal arts university, but a Catholic one. With respect to what unifies our various disciplines, Catholicism undergirds the convergence of truths by recognizing that the origin and summit of all truth has its source in God. With respect to the modes of freedom that our approach to a liberal arts education provides, Catholicism provides the richest of anthropologies that enables us to understand and make efforts to realize what freedom exercised well entails. I have been attending to the academic dimensions of our being a Catholic liberal arts university, and it is fitting to stress these elements as of primary importance to an academic institution, but of course there is no part of this institution that its Catholicism does not touch. From its very beginning, 吃瓜网鈥檚 Catholicism has included little 鈥渃鈥� catholic, that is to say, a universal effort: we have always been open to students of any faith tradition and whatever ethnic or racial background. Segregation has never been a part of our university, and it is a remarkable, if sad, fact to realize (as Sybil Novinski, our first archivist, testifies) that at the time of our founding we were the only non-segregated private university in the state of Texas. The universal reach of our university, its small 鈥渃鈥� catholicism, is a manifestation of its big 鈥渃鈥� Catholicism, and that welcoming and hospitable spirit is a legacy we must continue to build on.

You know from your own interactions of the deep piety of many of our students. It is a beautiful and inspiring thing. They look to us, Catholic and non-Catholic professors, to help them grow into a mature Christian faith. The deep truths we institutionally hold guide our approach to residential life, and athletics, and spiritual formation on campus, and the thousands of ways in which the intellectual virtues our students are developing come to be interwoven with their moral and theological virtues. One does not need to be a Catholic to be nurtured well in the Catholic ethos of our university, and we are all contributors to that ethos.

Of late I have been asked with greater frequency than in the past what sort of Catholicism I personally hold, and often such questions turn one way or another to what sort of Catholicism the 吃瓜网 seeks to promote. We live in an age that is eager to partition individuals and institutions into sorts or types. 

In some respects, this manifests ways in which partisan politics has come to take on a totalizing effect, reaching into every nook and cranny of our lives, including our own families. I am not so na茂ve to think that we can simply wave this tendency away. But, I am convinced that we can represent, as an institution, a unified vision of Catholicism, particularly as it undergirds our education, forms our students, and orients them and us toward living lives well. What makes that possible, amongst other things, is the magisterium of the Catholic Church. It is not a mystery what the Catholic Church holds, even if the foundational teaching on God as Trinity is a mystery. 

We have long had a stake in the ground when it comes to such matters. We are a university that institutionally aligns itself with the magisterium; a mode of institutional being attested by our by-laws and its explicit expression of adherence to the inspiring vision for Catholic universities presented in St. JP II鈥檚 Ex corde Ecclesiae. What sort of Catholic institution are we? We can answer that without falling into the pitfalls of political divisions by saying simply that we are a non-dissenting one. Put positively, we acknowledge and seek joyfully and courageously to promote in those ways specific to a university the full spectrum of belief, from the divine origins of creation to the salvation of the human person through the death and resurrection of the Son of God, from the mandate to feed the hungry and care for the widowed and orphaned to the great commission to go out and share the good news. 

Because of our times and its preoccupations, a great deal of focus is given of late to Catholic teachings on sexual integrity and the hylomorphic unity of a biologically and psychologically engendered human person who, in his or her deepest nature, is a son or daughter of God. Again and again in Ex corde Ecclesiae, JP II reminds us of the significance of the Catholic vision of the human person. He read the times well, and he knew, from his vantage of faith, his many philosophical investigations into the human person, and his development of a Theology of the Body, that the path to full flourishing entails living out the full truth of the human person, guided by grace in the forms of the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity. You may not be a believer, but as a member of this Catholic university, you are part of the work of helping to facilitate that great dialogue between what we hold, as an institution, by faith and what the inquiries of reason yield. Advancing this dialogue between faith and reason and revealing the depths of their ultimate complementarity is fundamental to the work of a Catholic liberal arts university and, though touching on any number of points of controversy, nonetheless a unifying feature of our common work.

I have said a few things about the soul of the 吃瓜网; let鈥檚 turn briefly to the body. Here, my more analytically oriented colleagues might be quick to point out, the analogy breaks down. Do you know of any living substances that have two bodies? 

Well, we have two campuses. I am going to resist my philosophical temptation to discuss this two-body problem metaphysically, and ask you to let me continue to apply the analogy. It matters that 吃瓜网鈥檚 main campus is just outside of the city of Dallas. We have a campus that is set apart from the city, but the city is relevant to 吃瓜网 and 吃瓜网 to the city. It matters that our campus is in Texas, and that Texas is in America. The founding principles of our nation help shape our curriculum, and the local elements inform our mode of being. 

Physically, whatever might have been said about our campus in the past, we have a beautiful campus here in Irving as well as a beautiful campus in Rome. Both are places with structures that invite students and faculty to linger in small groups, inside and outside of buildings, in order to engage in the natural extensions of the classroom that animate our community of learners. I鈥檒l admit it has taken me a little time to come to appreciate the mid-century modern style throughout campus, having grown up in the shadow of the University of Notre Dame鈥檚 neo-gothic architecture. But it has grown on me as I have seen how the body of our campuses are put to use by our students, faculty and staff.  

Our buildings emphasize naked materials鈥攃oncrete, brick, steel, wood鈥攔ather than veneers, thus symbolizing our efforts to uncover鈥攁-lethia鈥攖he truth. Our mall undulates with the turbulence of intellectual engagement. Our paths meander for the need to slow down so that we might be more prepared to see what lies at the end of our investigations. Our trees show the need to reach to the depths if one is to draw water from the semi-arid ground of this world of experience. Like any living substance that grows as it matures, as we grow in our physical structures, and we will, our university鈥檚 body will maintain physical continuity with its current shape, both in Irving and in Rome.  I don鈥檛 care what US News and World Report might have said about us when we were a little younger: we鈥檙e a good-looking university.

We are, each of us, teacher-scholar-makers, dedicated to the great task of building culture through educating our students excellently. We know there are no shortcuts in this work. Learning to write well, and teaching students to write well, is profoundly laborious. So too is mentoring students in our labs, pouring countless hours into guiding our students in our studios and practice rooms, helping them to frame their theses, and guiding them in their practica. Our labor of love is labor intensive, and especially of late, fraught with inconveniences and challenges we never could have imagined. But there is no more noble work, both for our students, and for the culture our graduates are building in their cities, their states, their countries, and their churches. The 吃瓜网 matters for our students. It matters for our country. It matters for our Church. Our calling is high, the sacrifices are many, and the stakes have eternal consequences. What more could we want? Our work is a vocation. Thank you for responding to the call.

The restlessness of the human spirit has been much on my mind lately. I recently read Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage by Alfred Lansing, which tells the harrowing tale of Sir Ernest Shackleton and his crew鈥檚 trans-Antarctic expedition. The expedition was a failure; setting out in August of 1914, their ship, the Endurance, was caught fast in the freezing seas and crushed. The crew spent more than a year camping on ice floats and navigating treacherous waters in lifeboats in attempts to find solid ground and human outposts. Supplies dwindled to nothing, and their bodies were broken and frostbitten, stretched thin and ravaged by malnutrition. But the story is ultimately one of remarkable success; their original quest for imperial glory and discovery became a quest for survival, and indeed, Shackleton succeeded by January 1917 in preserving the lives of each member of his crew.

What struck me the most about this tale were not the steps by which the crew persevered in the harshest of possible conditions 鈥� impressive as those were 鈥� but rather what motivated the attempt in the first place. No one had yet crossed Antarctica, and those signing up for the journey knew well the risks: The routes were inadequately charted, the weather and currents unpredictable, and there would be no way to communicate with the civilized world should help be needed. And yet, Shackleton had no trouble finding able and eager men willing to take that risk, and in fact was able to hand pick his crew of seamen, craftsmen and academics from the cream of the crop. The hearts of a great many were restless and hungry for greatness, adventure and new knowledge.

I recently heard a lecture given to our friends at the Dallas Institute for Humanities and Culture by our chair of Classics Dr. David Sweet, in which he reflected on the odyssey below the Odyssey, the odyssey of what motivated Odysseus. Why, Dr. Sweet asked, did Odysseus leave the island of Calypso, the haven in which every imaginable creature comfort was supplied? In addition to his longing for his own hearth and home, his own family, Odysseus was moved by his spirit for adventure, his desire to brave the perilous in pursuit of his beloved Ithaca.

There has been much written lately on the apathy of youth today, their absorption into the mind- and spirit-numbing world of social media and entertainment, punctuated with brief episodes of tailored outrage to identify where they stand on the issues of the day. One should not, I have become convinced, put too much stock in these depictions. The human heart remains restless beneath these manicured surfaces. I have seen it spring to life time and again in our own students鈥� odysseys, in their quest for the true, good and beautiful.

But I do not mean to suggest that we should not put any stock in those worried descriptions of the rising generation of college students, for they do face new challenges. The 鈥渧irtual world鈥� has taken on far too much prominence in their lives. Many of them have not, as Ben Sasse notes in his 2017 book The Vanishing American Adult, taken on the burdens that would lead to self-responsibility. Far too many of them do not know their history, or they know only tendentious versions of it. The ways in which many of them have been thus far educated leave them underprepared and frustrated 鈥� frustrated because they have the nagging sense, born from the restlessness of their hearts, that there is something more, something greater, to which they are called. And, therein lies hope.

One reason we have our students read the Odyssey and other epics is that these great works of our tradition stoke the flames of the human desire to accomplish great and noble tasks; they incite the spirit for heroism even as they provide models of the heroic shape. St. Augustine is perhaps the greatest poet of the restlessness of the human spirit, and the greatest theologian in revealing through his Confessions where ultimately that restlessness ought to lead, to a deep and personal relationship with the Divine Other.

This points to the twin efforts of our faculty at the 吃瓜网. On the one hand, we seek to stoke the fires of restlessness, to lay bare and encourage our students to quest for great things. And, on the other, we strive to guide well the fires that have been stoked, to shape enlarged desire by the truth and to cultivate restlessness through virtue for the acquisition of wisdom, both practical and speculative.

This summer, we are preparing to launch the adventure of a new academic year. We will be welcoming the largest freshman class in our university鈥檚 history, the latest crop of young people eager for something great, even if they do not yet know exactly what great things await them. We have been transforming Catherine Hall back into a residence hall to make room for these students, reshuffling the decks of faculty and staff offices and ensuring that we have sufficient numbers of excellent faculty who are eager and able to lead our students, new and continuing, on their odysseys. May they all find Ithaca.

Sincerely,

Jonathan J. Sanford, Ph.D.
President
Professor of Philosophy

Delivered to the Class of 2021 on May 16, 2021

Your Excellency, and Chancellor of the 吃瓜网, Most Reverend Bishop Edward J. Burns; Chair of the Board of Trustees Richard Husseini; your Excellencies, Most Reverend Bishop Gregory Kelly, Bishop Mark Seitz and Bishop Joseph Strickland; Your Excellency, and our commencement speaker, Archbishop Bashar Matti Warda; members of the Board of Trustees; University Chaplain Father Thomas More Barba, O.P.; Rome Chaplain Monsignor Thomas Fucinaro; the esteemed faculty of the 吃瓜网; parents, grandparents, friends and other relatives; and last, but certainly not least, the graduating class of 2021; what a delight it is to stand before you this morning.

We have many reasons to rejoice! Not only are we gathered together to celebrate your achievements, but we are really, truly and actually gathered together 鈥� at least most of us are, and please allow me to give a special word of welcome to those who are participating virtually.

We have come through a tremendously trying time. We have endured in the face of genuine difficulties. We gather to celebrate the achievements of our graduates for having run the race of their rigorous education well, for having fought the good fight and won the crown of their degrees. But, this extraordinary moment is not simply one of celebrating our graduates. It is no diminishment of their achievement to note that it would not have been possible without the extraordinary sacrifices of parents, grandparents, spouses and siblings, providing critical support throughout the time of focused study. In any year, staff, faculty and trustees of the university play essential roles in creating the environment in which genuine learning can occur. But this last year, more than any other, has seen extraordinary service rendered by all those dedicated to providing a 吃瓜网 education. Our faculty especially deserves our thanks 鈥� one simply cannot overestimate the remarkable sacrifices they have made in providing the very best of educations even under the exigencies of COVID. Thank you! Indeed, this is a moment in which we all rejoice.

At the recent Honors Convocation for graduating seniors, I focused on how, though forced upon us, the virtues of patience and perseverance, both of which are elements of the virtue of courage, have been planted in our souls. I want to encourage our graduates to continue to develop these virtues. They will enable you to endure the many trials of your life, whether those be the vagaries of the job market, the joys and challenges of raising a family, the faithful living out of a religious vocation, or discernment about how best to live out your responsibility to exercise responsible citizenship. We have all suffered under COVID and its management, but from that suffering, genuine wisdom can indeed be cultivated. If, that is, we strive to learn what lessons we can from what we have been through.

Endurance, trials, suffering; these terms mark the struggles we have been through and the difficulties we have borne. But, let us turn from these terms of strife for a moment to remind ourselves of what it is that makes them meaningful. For, ours has not been a fruitless suffering, but one dedicated to the fundamental goods of education.

The 吃瓜网 is a community of learners. Our purpose is to cultivate truth, wisdom and virtue. That is why we exist. These are the fundamental goods of education.

What is truth?
Truth is a matter of communion between your very soul and some object about which you inquire. This communion is not achieved through a downloading of information, as though we are some sort of repositories of facts like encyclopedias or computers. We are thinkers. We have learned to think for ourselves. We have learned to think for ourselves by asking questions, testing, experimenting, imagining, creating, performing, arguing, wrestling with case studies, pulling things apart and putting them back together, reflecting, and ultimately listening to things as they reveal themselves to us. It is through these processes that we eventually come to hold onto, to grasp, to possess, truths about things in such a way that they become parts of our very selves.

What is wisdom? Wisdom is a combination of understanding things as they are and being able to demonstrate them. Wisdom grows as our possession of truths grows, as we come to be shaped by those truths, and put ourselves to the test time and again of explaining those truths to others and being tested by others to refine them still further. Ultimately, wisdom rises to reflection on the greatest of all things. We know from both reason and faith that that is ultimately the source of all truth and wisdom, God himself. It is God who is the source of all truth and the object of all wisdom. All that is has its source in God, and each of our worthy endeavors reach their fulfilment insofar as they make manifest the greater glory of God, as encapsulated in that exhortation St. Ignatius made famous, Ad maiorem Dei gloriam.

What is virtue?
A virtue is a honed disposition that makes us better human beings and enables us to do those things human beings ought to do well. There are both virtues of the mind and virtues of character. The highest virtue of the mind is in fact wisdom, and one facet of wisdom is its application in discerning how we should act. It is in action that the virtues of character are most required. We ought not merely to wish to be good, to be courageous, to be honest, to be just; rather, we are ordered and fulfilled in our humanity through in fact acting courageously, honestly and justly. We become more the selves we are called to be through exercising the virtues, and thus make sense of our lives, that is live meaningfully, by contributing to the good of others, whether that be through work in business, medicine, ministry, research, teaching, policy making, raising a family, or any of the many other walks of life you will find yourselves in.

Your cultivation of the goods of education has not been concluded with the reception of your degrees. Far from it! These are goods worthy of a lifetime of pursuit. These are goods most deserving of your continued attention. You cannot exhaust these goods, and in your further acquisition of them, you will not deprive others of their possession. Far from it! You, and all those with whom you interact, will be the beneficiaries of this quest which ought to be the defining feature of your life, no matter what your occupation or other life circumstances.

Veritatem, Justitiam Diligite: These are the words surrounding the top of the University of Dallas seal, and comprise 吃瓜网鈥檚 motto. These are words meant to encapsulate the point and purpose of your education. These are words to guide you. Love Truth. Love Justice. It is worth noting that diligite, the Latin word for 鈥渓ove鈥� and 鈥渟eek diligently,鈥� is a command.

The command the 吃瓜网 issues to all its sons and daughters is not a diversion from your pursuit of a life well-lived, it is rather a guide to the achievement of your life-quest. Since knowledge is a personal encounter with the truth of things, you become more yourself the more you cultivate knowledge in pursuit of wisdom. Since putting your life at the service of others is a fulfillment of your human nature, you become more yourself the more you cultivate justice. We want you to be happy, and the path to happiness is the love and pursuit of truth and justice. We also hope you want to strive to do great and glorious things, to cultivate the virtue of magnanimity.

In living magnanimously, you will love truth and justice well, becoming who you are called to be. We are eager to see you come into your own and set this world ablaze with your great and good life and works, and, in doing so, through your efforts and God鈥檚 grace, to establish your eternal home in the Kingdom of Heaven. This is our greatest hope and most heart-felt prayer for you. Thank you for persevering through these challenging times. Thank you for braving distance and a pandemic to celebrate this day together. Kudos on your tremendous accomplishment. Know that you always have a home with your alma mater.

I was honored to provide the annual Thomas More lecture for the Lewis-Tolkein Society last week, the first in-person event the Society had offered in more than a year. I focused on the theme of friendship and its role in liberal education.

As often happens with formal addresses, the Q-and-A period proved the livelier part of the evening. My address had focused on the essentials of a liberal education and the signature importance of focusing on learning for its own sake, whether it be in history, mathematics, science, theology, or business. To really understand the things one studies themselves, one must strive to appreciate them in their own right, as opposed to considering merely their usefulness to other subjects or the practicalities of life. Many in the audience had led successful careers in business and the professions, and I was asked to explore the relevance of a liberal education to professional life. One question, from a 吃瓜网 graduate from 1980, struck me for several reasons. The questioner recalled a speech he heard as an undergraduate from 吃瓜网鈥檚 legendary president, Dr. Donald Cowan. President Cowan had in this speech to undergraduates emphasized the impracticality of a 吃瓜网 education, in large part to emphasize the value of this education for its own sake. Other educations might focus on the how, my questioner asserted, but President Cowan鈥檚 speech helped him to focus his attention on the why. The questioner wanted to know, amongst other things, whether I endorsed that vision.

I do. But, I do so with some contextual clarifications, clarifications that I suspect, having read many of President Cowan鈥檚 speeches, that President Cowan would have agreed with as well. It is true that, in a primary sense, a 吃瓜网 education is focused on things themselves, and not their utility value. But, it is also true that a 吃瓜网 education is preeminently useful, precisely because of its focus on learning for its own sake. What do I mean by that?

I mean that our graduates, having been forged in the furnace of an education that commands their focus like few others, are fully liberated after graduation to take their place at the highest levels in every walk of professional, civic, familial, and religious life. In an age marked by anxiety about how one will make a living, it should be consoling to students and their families that our students have proven themselves, time and again, more fit for post-graduate achievements than students from nearly every other school. Our medical school placement rates, for instance, are twice the national average, and on par with Ivy League schools. A remarkable number of our students seeking admission to law school are admitted, and our PhD placements in top-tier programs in multiple fields, such as math, biochemistry, and classics, are exceptional as well. But, it is not only in admissions to schools for additional education that our students excel. Our first destination placements have consistently been above 97%, putting 吃瓜网 graduates into careers immediately after graduation, and many of them in companies with household names like Amazon, Fidelity, UT Southwestern, and Goldman Sachs. You will read about some of these remarkable senior student successes in our summer Tower magazine.

St. John Paul II biographer and father of two 吃瓜网 alumnae, George Weigel, echoed this appreciation in my recent interview with him for Guadalupe Radio: "The kind of comprehensive liberal arts education that 吃瓜网 offers, the human environment that 吃瓜网 offers, the transformative experience of the Rome semester鈥攖hat prepares you for anything."

Perhaps we do not do enough to stress these achievements. We are first and foremost concerned with substance, with the essence of things, with an education that puts at the forefront an encounter with things as they present themselves to we, the learners. We tend to make the appeal to prestige and placements secondary, as indeed it is. Students at the 吃瓜网 are imbued by an education that humbles them before the riches of the past and those yet to be achieved, and so, well formed by the greatest of our culture鈥檚 paradigms, dedicate themselves to lives of excellence. Celebrating their achievements need not distract from a focus on the primary goods of education, and can serve as encouragement to future students that they, too, can fulfill their particular calling to live magnanimously.

It is the education our students receive which orients them to lives of greatness. The encounter with the heroic ideal is front and center to every freshman who enters the 吃瓜网 as he or she wrestles with the Homeric ideal of greatness in the Iliad. That ideal, countered and re-encountered throughout the rest of the curriculum, finds its way into the soul of our students. They want to do great things in service to God and country. And, God willing, they will.

Sincerely,

Jonathan J. Sanford, Ph.D.
President
Professor of Philosophy

I know we love our philosophers at 吃瓜网, but admittedly they ask some odd questions, like, 鈥淲hat is being?鈥�, 鈥淐an you understand something you can't demonstrate?鈥�, and 鈥淲hy be good?鈥� We might all agree these are important questions, but not that they are pressing. Finding moments where questions like these are made pressing, as we do in our classrooms, brings a freshness to our everyday lives by uncovering overlooked depths of meaning.

Here is another odd question: What is time? Aristotle tells us that time is the measuring of motion according to before and after. One of the things I like about this definition is the way in which it invokes the role of a measurer: Time is not something merely 鈥渙ut there鈥� 鈥� those who notice the passing of things mark it out. This helps explain why the passage of time varies according to the circumstances of we the measurers. More than one person has remarked to me recently that 鈥淐OVID time鈥� is unlike other periods of their lives. It is hard to recall sequences of events. Days seem to move slowly, and yet in recalling past days, they seem to have slipped away far more swiftly than other periods of our lives. What has 鈥淐OVID time鈥� been like for the University of Dallas? It is worth recalling a few things.

It was one year ago that we were arriving at the decision that we would have to be fully online for the remainder of the spring 2020 semester due to COVID. We thought at that time that the virus would be under control by the end of summer at the latest, and we were planning for a more or less regular fall semester. As the year progressed, we soon realized just how wrong we were in that prediction, and yet we nonetheless persevered in our plans for a fall, and then a spring, that prioritized opportunities for in-person classes. We even managed to be one of the few universities in our nation to continue to run our signature study-abroad program in Rome in both the fall and this spring, despite significant obstacles that stood in our way. We have faced challenges and discomforts, to be sure, but we have thus far prevailed in our efforts to provide the deeply enriching and personal education that is one of our hallmarks.

This past year has seen other changes as well: We have been able to put the university on the strongest financial footing it has had in recent years through the implementation of a restructuring and expense reduction plan, as well as through taking advantage of federal grants and redoubled efforts at philanthropic fundraising. And then of course, there has been a presidential transition.

Though we ought to take stock of what has preceded, we need as well to keep our eyes fixed on how to live well in the present. Doing that requires focus on what one is doing and why one is doing it. I recently gave a lecture to a group of our highest-achieving prospective students, who were part of a competition for 10 full-tuition scholarships. I focused on the role of friendship in a liberal education. My thesis was that a liberal education is a sort of friendship for the sake of friendship. One cultivates a friendship with the truth of things by means of the help of friendships with peers and professors, for the sake, ultimately, of cultivating friendship with the source and summit of all that is true, good and beautiful 鈥� God himself. Friendships of each of these sorts require a willed presence with and to one鈥檚 friends, an ability to lay aside distractions and to learn with and from one鈥檚 friends. This takes time, and it is time well spent.

Time is not only a matter of recalling the past and trying to live in the present. We make sense of our own lives by anticipating the future. As people of faith, our lives are marked not just by the natural limit of earthly time, but through the virtue of hope as we anticipate a new mode of living in the presence of a timeless God. Our work lies in the temporal order, and that work is more excellently accomplished as we orient ourselves to eternity.

It is with both senses of our future in mind that we can see that a new springtime for the 吃瓜网 is upon us. We have not merely made it through the winter of this past year; we have done so in a way that positions us well for the future, that positions us to make fully real our calling to be the best Catholic liberal arts university in this nation. I am eager to lead this university to new heights, guided by our distinctive mission and new strategic plan. In a world in desperate need of our graduates, men and women who have been oriented to those principal goods of wisdom, truth and virtue, we are going to play a key role in renewing our Church and country. Our education liberates all those who experience it to bear witness to the virtues of rational discourse, magnanimity, justice and charity. Expect great things from our great 吃瓜网.

Wishing you and your family a blessed Holy Week,

Jonathan J. Sanford, Ph.D.
President
Professor of Philosophy